Organic light-emitting device and electronic apparatus including the same

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and at least one of a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer is positioned in a path where light generated in the emission layer is transmitted to the outside through the first electrode and the second layer is positioned in a path where the light generated in the emission layer is transmitted to the outside through the second electrode. The first layer and the second layer each include a compound having a certain formula.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2017-0101344, filed on Aug. 9, 2017, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Aspects of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate toan organic light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus includingthe same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, andresponse speed, compared to other devices in the art.

An example organic light-emitting device may include a first electrodeon a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, anelectron transport region, and a second electrode sequentiallypositioned on the first electrode. Holes provided from the firstelectrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transportregion, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move towardthe emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (suchas holes and electrons) may recombine in the emission layer to produceexcitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to theground state to thereby generate light.

The light efficiency of an organic light-emitting device may be measuredwith respect to an internal luminescent efficiency or an externalluminescent efficiency. The internal luminescent efficiency indicateshow efficiently excitons are generated and light conversion occurs in anorganic layer positioned between a first electrode and a secondelectrode, (e.g., between an anode and a cathode), wherein the organiclayer includes a hole transport layer, an emission layer, and anelectron transport layer. The external luminescent efficiency (alsocalled “light coupling efficiency”) indicates how efficiently lightgenerated in the organic layer is emitted toward the outside of theorganic light-emitting device. Although light conversion efficiency maybe high in an organic layer (e.g., even when internal luminescentefficiency is high), when the external luminescent efficiency is low,the overall light efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may below.

On the other hand, if ultraviolet rays (UV) are allowed to freelytransmit through the organic light-emitting device (for example, whenlight transmission through the organic light-emitting device is high),the emission layer and organic material may be seriously damaged. As theoutdoor use of information devices including organic light-emittingdevices increases, sunlight and UV exposure of such devices is alsoincreasing. Also, there are many cases in which an operation ofirradiating ultraviolet rays is required in the process of manufacturingan organic light-emitting device.

SUMMARY

Aspects of one of more embodiments of the present disclosure aredirected toward an organic light-emitting device capable of reducing atransmitting amount (e.g., transmission) of ultraviolet rays from theoutside while having a high light extraction rate (e.g., externalluminescent efficiency), and an electric apparatus including the same.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

Aspects of one of more embodiments of the present disclosure provide anorganic light-emitting device including:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode;

an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrodeand including an emission layer; and

at least one selected from a first layer and a second layer, wherein thefirst layer may be positioned in a path in which light generated in theemission layer is transmitted to the outside through the firstelectrode, and the second layer may be positioned in a path where lightgenerated in the emission layer is transmitted to the outside throughthe second electrode,

wherein the first layer and the second layer each include a condensedcyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

In Formulae 1 and 2-1 to 2-4,

Ar₁ may be a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group,

c1 may be 0 or 1,

L₁ to L₅ and L₉ may each independently be selected from *—N(R₁₁)—*′,*—B(R₁₁)—*′, *—P(R₁₁)—*′, *—Si(R₁₁)(R₁₂)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′,*—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R₁₁)═*′, *—C(═S)—*′, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a1 to a5 and a9 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10,

R₁ may be a group represented by Formula 2-1 or a group represented byFormula 2-2,

R₂ to R₅ may each independently be selected from a group represented byFormula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4, hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), —C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and—P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅),

b1 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when b1 is two or more, twoor more *-(L₁)_(a1)-R₁(s) may be identical to or different from eachother,

b2 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when b2 is two or more, twoor more *-(L₂)_(a2)-R₂(s) may be identical to or different from eachother,

b4 may be an integer from 0 to 5, wherein, when b4 is two or more, twoor more *-(L₄)_(a4)-R₄(s) may be identical to or different from eachother,

b5 may be an integer from 0 to 6, wherein, when b5 is two or more, twoor more *-(L₅)_(a5)-R₅(s) may be identical to or different from eachother,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylenegroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, thesubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, thesubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from thegroup consisting of:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁ to Q₆, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may eachindependently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₆₀cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aterphenyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupsubstituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

Aspects of one of more embodiments of the present disclosure provide anelectronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting devicedescribed above and a thin film transistor, wherein the first electrodeof the organic light-emitting device electrically contacts one selectedfrom a source electrode and a drain electrode of the thin filmtransistor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readilyappreciated from the following description of the example embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to example embodimentsillustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like referencenumerals refer to like elements throughout and duplicative descriptionsthereof may not be provided. The disclosure may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as being limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the concept of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.Effects, features, and how to achieve them with respect to the presentdisclosure will become apparent by reference to the embodiment that willbe described in detail, together with the accompanying drawings. Thepresent disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms andshould not be limited to the embodiments herein.

Expressions such as “at least one of”, “one of”, “selected from”, “atleast one selected from”, and “one selected from”, when preceding a listof elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify theindividual elements of the list. The use of “may” when describingembodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodimentsof the present invention.”

It will be understood that when a layer, film, region, or plate isreferred to as being “on” another layer, film, region, or plate, thefirst layer, film, region, or plate can be directly or indirectly formedon the other layer, film, region, or plate. For example, interveninglayers, films, regions, or plates may be present. In contrast, when anelement is referred to as being “directly on” another element, nointervening elements are present. In addition, sizes of components inthe drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In otherwords, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings arearbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the followingembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Hereinafter, the terms “first, second, etc.” are used only for thepurpose of distinguishing one element from another.

The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single layer and/ora plurality of layers positioned between the first electrode and thesecond electrode of the organic light-emitting device. Materialsincluded in the “organic layer” are not limited to being organicmaterials.

The term “transmissive electrode or semi-transmissive electrode” as usedherein may refer to an electrode that transmits 50% or more, or 70% ormore, or 90% or more of the flux of light having a visible wavelength(for example, a wavelength between about 380 nm to about 780 nm), as maybe understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The term “first layer (and/or second layer)-R” as used herein indicatesa first layer (and/or a second layer) formed in a region correspondingto an R pixel.

The term “first layer (and/or second layer)-G” as used herein indicatesa first layer (and/or a second layer) formed in a region correspondingto a G pixel.

The term “first layer (and/or second layer)-B” as used herein indicatesa first layer (and/or a second layer) formed in a region correspondingto a B pixel.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first layer 210, a firstelectrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190, whichare sequentially stacked. The first electrode 110 may be a transmissiveor semi-transmissive electrode, and light that has been generated in theorganic layer 150 may pass through the first electrode 110 and the firstlayer 210 toward the outside of the organic light-emitting device 10.The second electrode 190 may be a reflective electrode. The first layer210 may include a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 20according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The organic light-emitting device 20 includes a first electrode 110, anorganic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second layer 220, whichare sequentially stacked. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissiveor semi-transmissive electrode, and light that has been generated in theorganic layer 150 may pass through the second electrode 190 and thesecond layer 220 toward the outside of the organic light-emitting device20. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode. The secondlayer 220 may include a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 30according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The organic light-emitting device 30 includes a first layer 210, a firstelectrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and asecond layer 220, which are sequentially stacked. The first electrode110 and the second electrode 190 may each independently be atransmissive or semi-transmissive electrode. At least one selected fromthe first layer 210 and the second layer 220 may include the condensedcyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

A substrate may be additionally positioned under the first layer 210 orthe first electrode 110, or above the second electrode 190 or the secondlayer 220. The substrate may be a glass substrate and/or a plasticsubstrate having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability,transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or waterresistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing orsputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the firstlayer 210. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for afirst electrode may be selected from materials with a high work functionto facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the firstelectrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming thefirst electrode may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and combinationsthereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is asemi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material forforming the first electrode may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver(Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and combinationsthereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

The organic layer 150 is on the first electrode 110. The organic layer150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and the layers constituting the electron transport region may be formedin their positions using one or more suitable methods selected fromvacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermalimaging.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areformed by vacuum deposition, the deposition may be performed, forexample, at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C.,a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and a depositionrate of about 100 Å/sec, depending on the material to be included in thelayer, and the structure of the layer.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areformed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed, for example,at a coating speed of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heattreatment temperature of about 80° C. to about 200° C., depending on thematerial to be included in the layer, and the structure of the layer.

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and an electron blocking layer.

The hole transport region may include, for example, at least onecompound selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD,Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD,4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCT),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), and Compounds HT1 toHT39, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the holetransport region includes at least one selected from a hole injectionlayer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injectionlayer may be about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Åto about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may beabout 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injectionlayer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges,satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency bycompensating for an optical resonance distance according to thewavelength of light emitted by an emission layer (e.g., by adjusting theoptical resonance distance to match the wavelength of light emitted fromthe emission layer, resulting in constructive interference), and theelectron blocking layer may block or reduce the flow of electrons froman electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and theelectron blocking layer may each include the materials described above.

When the organic light-emitting device 10, 20, or 30 is a full-colororganic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned intoa red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layermay have a stacked structure including two or more layers selected froma red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer,in which the two or more layers may contact each other or may beseparated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emissionlayer may include two or more materials selected from a redlight-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a bluelight-emitting material, in which the two or more materials are mixedwith each other in a single layer to emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and/or a dopant. The dopant mayinclude at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and afluorescent dopant.

The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be about 0.01 partsby weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight ofthe host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å,for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of theemission layer is within this range, excellent light-emissioncharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

The host may include, for example, at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The phosphorescent dopant may be, for example, selected from CompoundsPD1 to PD25, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto:

The fluorescent dopant may be, for example, selected from Compounds FD1to FD22:

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected fromthe following compounds, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto:

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from abuffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, anelectron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include atleast one compound selected from2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq,3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), and NTAZ:

The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and theelectron control layer may each be about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, forexample, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the bufferlayer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer arewithin these ranges, the electron blocking layer may have excellentelectron blocking characteristics and/or electron controlcharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within the range describedabove, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electrontransport characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layerin the electron transport region) may further include, in addition tothe materials described above, a metal-containing material. The Licomplex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) or ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190.The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orcombinations thereof.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 1 Å to about100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of theelectron injection layer is within the range described above, theelectron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injectioncharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 may be on the organic layer 150 having theabove-described structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode(e.g., an electron injection electrode), and in this regard, thematerial for forming the second electrode 190 may be selected from ametal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and combinationsthereof, each having a relatively low work function.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium(Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver(Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissiveelectrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

The first layer 210 and the second layer 220 may each include acondensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

[R₁-(L₁)_(a1)]_(b1)-(Ar₁)_(c1)-[(L₂)_(a2)-R₂]_(b2).  Formula 1

In one or more embodiments, Ar₁ in Formula 1 may be a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup or a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group.

For example, Ar₁ may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalenegroup, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyrene group, achrysene group, a triphenylene group, an indene group, a fluorene group,a benzofluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a carbazole group, adibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a pyridine group, apyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrrole group,an imidazole group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, aquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a triazine group, an indenopyrazine group, an indeno pyridine group, a phenanthroline group, and aphenanthridine group.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₁ may be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidinegroup, a pyridazine group, and a triazine group.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₁ may be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, an anthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a pyridine group, and a triazine group, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, c1 in Formula 1 may be 0 or 1. c1 indicatesthe number of *—Ar₁—*′(s), wherein, when c1 is 0, *—Ar₁—*′ may be asingle bond.

In one or more embodiments, R₁ in Formula 1 may be a group representedby Formula 2-1 or a group represented by Formula 2-2:

L₃ to L₅, a3 to a5, R₃ to R₅, b4, and b5 in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 mayeach independently be the same as described herein, and * indicates abinding site to a neighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, R₂ to R₅ in Formulae 1, 2-1, and 2-2 mayeach independently be selected from a group represented by Formula 2-3,a group represented by Formula 2-4, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂):

Q₁ to Q₃, L₉, a9, and R₆ to R₉ in Formulae 2-3 and 2-4 may eachindependently be the same as described herein, and * indicates a bindingsite to a neighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, L₁ to L₅ and L₉ in Formulae 1, 2-1, 2-2, and2-4 may each independently be selected from *—N(R₁₁)—*′, *—B(R₁₁)—*′,*—P(R₁₁)—*′, *—Si(R₁₁)(R₁₂)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′,*—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R₁₁)═*′, *—C(═S)—*′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, L₁ to L₅ and L₉ may each independently be selected from thegroup consisting of:

*—S—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylenegroup, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynylene group, a phenylenegroup, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group,an azulenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, aspiro-benzofluorene-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, aperylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a silolylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group,a benzothiophenylene group, a benzosilolylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, acarbazolylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, animidazopyrimidinylene group, an oxazolopyridinylene group, athiazolopyridinylene group, a benzonaphthyridinylene group, anazafluorenylene group, an azaspiro-bifluorenylene group, anazacarbazolylene group, an azadibenzofuranylene group, anazadibenzothiophenylene group, and an azadibenzosilolylene group; and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynylenegroup, a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylenegroup, a spiro-benzofluorene-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a pyrrolylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a silolylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group,a benzothiophenylene group, a benzosilolylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, acarbazolylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, animidazopyrimidinylene group, an oxazolopyridinylene group, athiazolopyridinylene group, a benzonaphthyridinylene group, anazafluorenylene group, an azaspiro-bifluorenylene group, anazacarbazolylene group, an azadibenzofuranylene group, anazadibenzothiophenylene group, and an azadibenzosilolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from the group consistingof:

a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkoxy group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup; and

a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkoxy group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, L₁ to L₅ and L₉ may each independently beselected from *—S—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′,*—[C(Z₁)(Z₂)]_(n1)—*′, and groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-75,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-75,

Y₁ may be O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₃), or Si(Z₃)(Z₄),

Z₁ to Z₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —CF₃, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group,an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

d3 may be an integer from 1 to 3,

d4 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

d5 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

d6 may be an integer from 1 to 6,

d8 may be an integer from 1 to 8,

n1 may be an integer from 1 to 20, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, a1 to a5 and a9 in Formulae 1, 2-1, 2-2, and2-4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10. a1 indicates thenumber of *-L₁-*′(s), wherein, when a1 is zero, *-L₁-*′ may be a singlebond, and when a1 is two or more, two or more *-L₁-*′(s) may beidentical to or different from each other.

For example, a1 to a5 and a9 may each independently be an integer from 0to 6.

In one or more embodiments, a1 to a5 and a9 may each independently be aninteger from 0 to 3.

In one or more embodiments, a1 to a5 and a9 may each independently be 0,1, or 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-59, and L₁ to L₅ and L₉ in Formulae 1,2-1, 2-2, and 2-4 may each independently be selected from *—O—*′,*—C(═O)—*′, *—CH₂—*′, *—(CH₂)₂—*′, *—(CH₂)₃—*′, *—(CH₂)₄—*′,*—(CH₂)₅—*′, and groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-58 and 4-60,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-60, *, *′, and *″ each indicate a binding site to aneighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, R₁ may be a group representedby Formula 2-1 or a group represented by Formula 2-2.

In one or more embodiments, for example, the group represented byFormula 2-1 may be represented by Formula 2-1A, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 2-1A, L₃, L₄, a3, a4, R₃, R₄, and b4 are the same asdescribed above, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2-1, and 2-2, R₂ to R₅ mayeach independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a group represented by Formula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4,hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₂₀cycloalkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxygroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, aspiro-benzofluorene-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzosilolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, anoxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinylgroup, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, anazacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenylgroup, and an azadibenzosilolyl group; and

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, aspiro-benzofluorene-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzosilolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, anoxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinylgroup, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, anazacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenylgroup, and an azadibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from thegroup consisting of:

a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, and a phenyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₂ to R₅ may each independently be selectedfrom the group consisting of:

a group represented by Formula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4,hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃); and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₂ to R₅ may each independently be selectedfrom the group consisting of:

a group represented by Formula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4,hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃); and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, ananthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2-3, and 2-4, R₆ to R₉, R₁₁,and R₁₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), —C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and—P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅), wherein Q₄ to Q₆ are the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, for example, R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may eachindependently be selected from the group consisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group,Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxygroup;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxygroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, aspiro-benzofluorene-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzosilolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, anoxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinylgroup, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, anazacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenylgroup, and an azadibenzosilolyl group; and

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, aspiro-benzofluorene-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a silolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzosilolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, anoxazolopyridinyl group, a thiazolopyridinyl group, a benzonaphthyridinylgroup, an azafluorenyl group, an azaspiro-bifluorenyl group, anazacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenylgroup, and an azadibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₄ to Q₆ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from thegroup consisting of:

a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, and a phenyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may eachindependently be selected from the group consisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆); and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₄ to Q₆ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may eachindependently be selected from the group consisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, and —Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆); and

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, ananthracenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₄ to Q₆ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, b1 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 1 to10. b1 indicates the number of *-(L₁)_(a1)-R₁(s), wherein, when b1 istwo or more, two or more *-(L₁)_(a1)-R₁(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other.

In one or more embodiments, b1 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In one or more embodiments, b1 may be 1, 2, or 3.

In one or more embodiments, b1 may be 1 or 2, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, b2 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 1 to10. b2 indicates the number of *-(L₂)_(a2)-R₂(S), wherein, when b2 istwo or more, two or more *-(L₂)_(a2)-R₂(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other.

In one or more embodiments, b2 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In one or more embodiments, b2 may be 1, 2, or 3.

In one or more embodiments, b2 may be 1 or 2, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, b4 in Formula 2-1 may be an integer from 0to 5. b4 indicates the number of *-(L₄)_(a4)-R₄(s), wherein when b4 istwo or more, two or more *-(L₄)_(a4)-R₄(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other.

In one or more embodiments, b4 may be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, b4 may be 0 or 1, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, b5 in Formula 2-2 may be an integer from 0to 6. b5 indicates the number of *-(L₅)_(a5)-R₅(s), wherein, when b5 istwo or more, two or more -(L₅)_(a5)-R₅(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other.

In one or more embodiments, b5 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3.

In one or more embodiments, b5 may be 0, 1, or 2, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound may berepresented by one of Formulae 1A to 1P:

In Formulae 1A to 1P, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁, R₂, and b2 may eachindependently be the same as described herein in connection with Formula1, and L₂₁, a21, and R₂₁ may each independently be the same as describedherein in connection with L₁, a1, and R₁.

In one or more embodiments, for example, L₁, L₂, and L₂₁ in Formula 1Ato 1P may each independently be selected from *—S—*′, *—O—*′,*—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—[C(Z₁)(Z₂)]_(n1)—*′, and a grouprepresented by any of Formulae 3-1 to 3-75.

In one or more embodiments, L₁, L₂, and L₂₁ in Formulae 1A to 1P mayeach independently be selected from *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—CH₂—*′,*—(CH₂)₂—*′, *—(CH₂)₃—*′, *—(CH₂)₄—*′, *—(CH₂)₅—*′, and a grouprepresented by any of Formulae 4-1 to 4-58 and 4-60.

In one or more embodiments, R₁ and R₂₁ in Formulae 1A to 1P may eachindependently be a group represented by Formula 2-1A or a grouprepresented by Formula 2-2.

In one or more embodiments, X₁ in each of Formulae 1E to 1H may beselected from O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₃), and Si(Z₃)(Z₄), wherein Z₁ to Z₄may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CF₃,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group.

In one or more embodiments, R₁ and R₂₁ in Formulae 1M to 1O may each bea group represented by Formula 2-1. For example, R₁ and R₁₁ in Formulae1M to 1O may each be a group represented by Formula 2-1A.

In one or more embodiments, R₁ and R₂₁ in Formulae 1M to 1O may each bea group represented by Formula 2-2.

In one or more embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound may be one ofCompounds 1 to 205, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

The condensed cyclic compound may absorb external ultraviolet (UV) raysto prevent or reduce the ultraviolet rays from transmittingtherethrough. Therefore, the organic light-emitting devices 10, 20, and30, in which the condensed cyclic compound is included in the firstlayer 210 and/or the second layer 220, may prevent or reduce theemission layer or the like including the organic material from beingdamaged by external ultraviolet rays. For example, the condensed cycliccompound may absorb UV light having a wavelength of about 400 nm toabout 410 nm.

In one or more embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound has atransmittance of about 10% or less (for example, about 5% or less) withrespect to light having a wavelength of about 400 nm to about 410 nm(for example, about 405 nm).

In one or more embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound has atransmittance of about 90% or more (for example, about 95%) with respectto light having a wavelength of about 430 nm.

In the condensed cyclic compound, π-π stacking is increased by strongπ-π interactions, and the first layer or the second layer including thecondensed cyclic compound subsequently has a high refractive index,thereby contributing to improvement in the luminescent efficiency of theorganic light-emitting device, including the external luminescentefficiency.

Since the organic light-emitting device has a structure in which aplurality of layers including various materials are stacked, lightgenerated in the organic layer may be extinguished while passing througha plurality of layers in the device due to total reflection, such thatlight is not transmitted to the outside of the organic light-emittingdevice. When the external luminescent efficiency (e.g., the externalextraction efficiency) of the organic light-emitting device is low, thetotal luminescent efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may bedeteriorated or limited even when light conversion efficiency in theorganic layer is high. However, the first layer 210 and/or the secondlayer 220 including the condensed cyclic compound is capable ofincreasing the external extraction efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device according to the principle of constructiveinterference when light generated in the organic layer including theemission layer travels into air through the first electrode and/or thesecond electrode, thereby greatly contributing to the improvement in theluminescent efficiency of the organic light-emitting device.

Therefore, the first layer 210 including the condensed cyclic compoundand/or the second layer 220 including the condensed cyclic compound maybe an ultraviolet-absorbing light-efficiency-enhancement layer (e.g. mayabsorb ultraviolet light and may simultaneously increase the externalextraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device usingconstructive interference).

At least one selected from the first layer 210 and the second layer 220may further include at least one material selected from a carbocycliccompound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-based compound, a porphyrinderivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative,an alkali metal complex, and an alkaline earth metal complex. Thecarbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and/or the amine-basedcompound may be optionally substituted with a substituent containing atleast one element selected from oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S),selenium (Se), silicon (Si), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),and iodine (I). In one or more embodiments, at least one selected fromthe first layer 210 and the second layer 220 may further include anamine-based compound.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first layer210 and the second layer 220 may further include a compound selectedfrom Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5, but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the first electrode may be a transmissiveelectrode or a semi-transmissive electrode, and the organiclight-emitting devices 10, 20, and 30 may each include the first layer210. If necessary, one or more layers may be additionally providedbetween the first electrode and the first layer 210. In one or moreembodiments, the first layer 210 may directly contact the firstelectrode. The first layer 210 may be an ultraviolet-absorbinglight-efficiency-enhancement layer.

In one or more embodiments, the second electrode may be a transmissiveelectrode or a semi-transmissive electrode, and the organiclight-emitting devices 10, 20, and 30 may each include the second layer220. If necessary, one or more layers may be additionally providedbetween the second electrode and the second layer 220. In one or moreembodiments, the second layer 220 may directly contact the secondelectrode. The second layer 220 may be an ultraviolet-absorbinglight-efficiency-enhancement layer.

In one or more embodiments, the first electrode and the second electrodemay each independently be a transmissive electrode or asemi-transmissive electrode, and the organic light-emitting devices 10,20, and 30 may each include the first layer 210 and the second layer220. If necessary, one or more layers may be additionally providedbetween the first electrode and the first layer 210 and/or between thesecond electrode and the second layer 220. In one or more embodiments,the first layer 210 may directly contact the first electrode, and/or thesecond layer 220 may directly contact the second electrode. The firstlayer 210 and the second layer 220 may each be an ultraviolet-absorbinglight-efficiency-enhancement layer.

An organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be patterned to correspond to R, G, and B pixelsthat constitute an organic layer. Accordingly, the organic layer mayinclude a red emission organic layer, a green emission organic layer,and a blue emission organic layer.

The first layer 210 and/or the second layer 220 that includes thecondensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be formed as acommon (e.g., shared) layer with respect to the R, G and B pixels. Whenthe first layer 210 and/or the second layer 220 are formed as a commonlayer with respect to R, G and B pixels, a thickness of the first layer210 and/or the second layer 220 may be about 500 Å to about 800 Å, forexample, about 600 Å to about 700 Å. When the thickness of thelight-efficiency improvement layer is within these ranges, excellentlight efficiency improvement effects may be obtained.

In one or more embodiments, the first layer (and/or the second layer)may be composed of at least one selected from a first layer (and/orsecond layer)-R, a first layer (and/or second layer)-G, and a firstlayer (and/or second layer)-B. For example, the first layer and/or thesecond layer may be patterned to correspond to the R, G and B pixels.

The thicknesses of the first layer (and/or second layer)-R, the firstlayer (and/or second layer)-G, and the first layer (and/or secondlayer)-B may be identical to or different from each other.

According to another aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, anelectronic apparatus includes: the organic light-emitting device and athin film transistor, wherein the first electrode and the organiclight-emitting device may electrically contact at least one of a sourceelectrode and a drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear orbranched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methylgroup, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butylgroup, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and ahexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limiting examplesthereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenylgroup. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limiting examplesthereof may include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term“C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —O-A₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), andnon-limiting examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentsaturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, andnon-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, acyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and acycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group” as used hereinrefers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure asthe C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected fromN, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andnon-limiting examples thereof may include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinylgroup, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. Theterm “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at leastone carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity,and non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group havingsubstantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group may include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantiallythe same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, andthe term “C₆-C₆₀ arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may include a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and theC₆-C₆₀ arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may befused to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, inaddition to 1 to 1 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromaticsystem that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and Sas a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group may include apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinylgroup. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to eachother.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —O-A₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂ is a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylthiogroup” as used herein indicates —S-A₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbonatoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbonatoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecularstructure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group may include a fluorenyl group. The term“divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refersto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as themonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, other than carbonatoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entiremolecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may include a carbazolylgroup. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms in which aring-forming atom is a carbon atom only. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclicgroup. The C₅-C₅₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring (such as benzene), amonovalent group (such as a phenyl group), or a divalent group (such asa phenylene group). In one or more embodiments, depending on the numberof substituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S isused in addition to carbon as a ring-forming atom (the number of carbonatoms may be 1 to 60).

At least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom the group consisting of:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein represents a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein represents a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinrepresents an ethyl group, the terms “ter-Bu” and “Bu^(t),” as usedherein, represent a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used hereinrepresents a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” as used herein refers to a “phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group”. For example, a “biphenyl group” is a“substituted phenyl group” having a “phenyl group” as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to a “phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group”. For example, a “terphenyl group” isa “phenyl group” having, as a substituent, a “phenyl group substitutedwith a phenyl group.”

* and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to a bindingsite to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure and an organic light-emitting device according to embodimentsof the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference toSynthesis Examples and Examples. The expression “B was used instead ofA” used in describing Synthesis Examples indicates that an identicalnumber of molar equivalents of A was used in place of molar equivalentsof B.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1

5 g of Compound A (6-bromo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione) wasdissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF), and 5 g of K₂CO₃ and 3 g ofiodomethane were added thereto. The mixture was stirred at a temperatureof 50° C. for 24 hours, and the reaction was terminated by addition ofwater. The reaction was extracted three times using ethyl acetate, driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered under reduced pressure.Then, the residue obtained therefrom was separated and purified bycolumn chromatography to obtain 4.6 g (88%) of Intermediate 1-1. Theobtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₁₉H₁₅Br: M+ 324.2.

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-2

4.6 g of Intermediate 1-1 was diluted in toluene, and 5 g of KOAc, 4.6 gof bis(pinacolato)diboron, and 0.5 g of Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ were added theretoand stirred under reflux. After 17 hours, the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and the reaction was terminated by addition of water. Thereaction was extracted three times using ethyl acetate, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered under reduced pressure. Then,the residue obtained therefrom was separated and purified by columnchromatography to obtain 4.3 g (81%) of Intermediate 1-2. The obtainedcompound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₁₉H₁₅Br: M+ 324.2.

Synthesis of Compound 1

4.3 g of Intermediate 1-2, 2 g of 1,4-dibromobenzene, 8 g of Cs₂CO₃, and0.8 g of Pd(PPh₃)₄ were diluted in toluene and stirred under reflux.After 20 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and thereaction was terminated by addition of water. The reaction was extractedthree times using ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and filtered under reduced pressure. Then, the residue obtainedtherefrom was separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain2.8 g (76%) of Compound 1. The obtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMRand LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 7

Synthesis of Intermediate 7-1

2.8 g of Compound A, 2.1 g of iodobenzene, 5.4 g of KOtBu, 0.2 g ofP(tBu)₃, and 0.4 g of Pd₂(dba)₃ were diluted in toluene and stirredunder reflux. After 20 hours, the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, and the reaction was terminated by addition of water. Thereaction was extracted three times using ethyl acetate, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered under reduced pressure. Then,the residue obtained therefrom was separated and purified by columnchromatography to obtain 2.9 g (80%) of Intermediate 7-1. The obtainedcompound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₁₈H₁₀BrNO₂: M+ 351.0.

Synthesis of Intermediate 7-2

2.8 g (84%) of Intermediate 7-2 was synthesized in substantially thesame manner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 1-2, except that 2.9 gof Intermediate 7-1 was used. The obtained compound was confirmed byLC-MS. C₂₄H₂₂BNO₄: M+ 399.2.

Synthesis of Compound 7

2.1 g (45%) of Compound 7 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 7-1, except that 2.8 g ofIntermediate 7-2 and 1 g of 1,4-dibromonaphthalene were used. Theobtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 16

2.99 g (63%) of Compound 16 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 7-1, except that Compound16-1 and 1,4-dibromobenzene were used. The obtained compound wasconfirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 28

Synthesis of Intermediate 28-1

2 g of Compound A was diluted in DMSO and 2 g of NaOMe was addeddropwise thereto. The reaction vessel was stirred at a temperature of60° C. and slowly cooled to room temperature after 6 hours. The reactionwas terminated by addition of water, and the residue obtained therefromwas filtered under reduced pressure to obtain 1.3 g (79%) ofIntermediate 28-1. The obtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS.C₁₃H₉NO₃: M+ 227.1.

Synthesis of Compound 28

2 g (58%) of Compound 28 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 7-1, except that 1.3 g ofIntermediate 28-1 and 0.89 g of 4,4′-dibromo-1,1′-biphenyl were used.The obtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 51

Synthesis of Intermediate 51-1

1.8 g (86%) of Intermediate 51-1 was synthesized in substantially thesame manner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 1.5 gof Compound A and 1.3 g of 3-bromooctane were used. The obtainedcompound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₀H₂₂BrNO₂: M+ 387.1.

Synthesis of Compound 51

1.6 g (80%) of Compound 51 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 1.8 g ofIntermediate 51-1 and 1 g of naphthalen-2-yl boronic acid were used. Theobtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 6: (Synthesis of Compound 60)

1.1 g (42%) of Compound 60 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 2 g ofIntermediate 51-1 and 1.7 g of (4-(pyridin-2-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)boronicacid were used. The obtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 109

1.4 g (49%) of Compound 60 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 2.3 g ofIntermediate 51-1 and 1.7 g of (4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)boronic acid wereused. The obtained compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 121

Synthesis of Intermediate 121-1

1.6 g (73%) of Intermediate 121-1 was synthesized in substantially thesame manner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 7-1, except that 1.5 gof Compound A and 1.5 g of 2-iodonaphthalene were used. The obtainedcompound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₂H₁₂BrNO₂: M+ 401.0.

Synthesis of Compound 121

1.2 g (78%) of Compound 121 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 1.6 g ofIntermediate 121-1 and 1.3 g of phenylboronic acid. The obtainedcompound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound 138

Synthesis of Intermediate 138-1

1.9 g (87%) of Intermediate 138-1 was synthesized in substantially thesame manner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 7-2, except that 2 g ofIntermediate 121-1 was used. The obtained compound was confirmed byLC-MS. C₂₈H₂₄BNO₄: M+ 449.2.

Synthesis of Compound 138

1.5 g (62%) of Compound 138 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 1.9 g ofIntermediate 138-1 and 1.3 g of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazinewere used. The compound was confirmed by ¹H NMR and LC-MS.

Synthesis Example 10: Synthesis of Compound 152

Synthesis of Intermediate 152-1

1.8 g (86%) of Intermediate 152-1 was synthesized in substantially thesame manner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 1.5 gof Compound A and 1.3 g of 3-(bromomethyl)heptane were used. Theobtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₀H₂₂BrNO₂: M+ 387.1.

Synthesis of Intermediate 152-2

1.8 g of Intermediate 152-1 was diluted in methylene chloride (MC) and900 mg of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was added dropwise thereto. Themixture was stirred for 15 hours, and the reaction was terminated byaddition of water. The reaction was extracted three times using ethylacetate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered underreduced pressure. Then, the residue obtained therefrom was separated andpurified by column chromatography to obtain 2 g (93%) of Intermediate152-2. The obtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₀H₂₁Br₂NO₂: M+465.2.

Synthesis of Compound 152

1.4 g (88%) of Compound 152 was synthesized in substantially the samemanner as in the Synthesis of Intermediate 28-1, except that 2 g ofIntermediate 152-2 was used. The obtained compound was confirmed by ¹HNMR and LC-MS.

TABLE 1 LC-MS Compound ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) found Calc 1 8.59(d, 2H),8.22(d, 2H), 8.12(d, 2H), 7.85(m, 2H), 7.75(m, 4H), 469.2 496.1 7.70(m,2H), 3.48(s, 6H) 7 8.43-8.40(m, 2H), 8.22(m, 2H), 8.11(dd, 2H), 8.05(br,2H), 7.71- 670.7 670.7 7.40(m, 16H), 7.00 (m, 2H) 16 8.41 (dd, 4H) 8.24(dd, 4H), 8.74-7.69(m, 8H) 468.6 468.5 28 8.55-8.42(m, 6H) 7.63-7.55(m,6H), 7.23-7.18(m, 4H), 6.83(d, 604.6 604.6 2H), 4.02(s, 6H) 51 8.51(d,1H), 8.18-8.08(m, 2H), 7.99-7.88(m, 3H), 7.69-7.52(m, 435.2 435.2 4H),7.32(d, 1H), 5.01 (m, 1H), 2.20(2H), 1.97-1.89(m, 2H), 1.71-1.52(m, 2H),1.36-1.24(m, 2H), 1.04(m, 2H), 0.93-0.83(m, 6H) 60 8.72(d, 1H), 8.47(d,1H), 8.18-8.08(m, 2H), 7.82-7.67(m, 5H), 512.7 512.7 7.46-7.44(m, 1H),7.38(m, 1H), 7.25-7.23(m, 2H), 7.06-7.02(d, 1H), 5.01 (m, 1H), 2.20(2H),1.97-1.89(m, 2H), 1.71-1.52(m, 2H), 1.36-1.24(m, 2H), 1.04(m, 2H),0.93-0.83(m, 6H) 109 8.73-8.70(m, 2H), 8.48(dd, 1H), 8.16 (td, 2H),7.81-7.63(m, 6H), 426.5 426.5 7.52-7.40(m, 7H) 121 8.53(d, 1H), 8.33(m,1H), 8.24(d, 1H), 8.22-8.12(m, 4H), 7.88- 399.4 399.4 7.65(m, 5H),7.53-7.28(m, 6H) 138 8.86-8.80(m, 4H), 8.72(d, 1H), 8.52(d, 1H),8.46(dd, 1H), 8.45- 554.2 554.2 8.40(m, 1H), 8.33(m, 1H), 7.92(m, 1H),7.86(m, 1H), 7.80(m, 1H), 7.63-7.58(m, 5H), 7.51-7.46(m, 2H),7.42-7.36(m, 4H), 7.33-7.30(m, 1H) 152 8.69(d, 2H), 6.95(d, 2H), 4.03(s,6H), 3.68(m, 2H), 2.11(m, 1H), 465.0 465.0 1.45-1.20(m, 8H), 0.87(t, 6H)

Example 1

A Corning 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure water eachfor 5 minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays andozone for 30 minutes to prepare an anode. Then, the resultant ITO glasssubstrate was provided to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on the ITO glass substrate to form a holetransport layer having a thickness of 1,000 Å.

9,10-di-naphthalene-2-yl-anthracene (ADN), which is a blue fluorescenthost, and N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenyl-pyrene-1,6-diamine, which is a bluefluorescent dopant, were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at aweight ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300Å.

Then, Alq₃ was deposited on the emission layer to form an electrontransport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiF (which is an alkalimetal halide), was deposited on the electron transport layer to form anelectron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al wasvacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a transmissiveelectrode having a thickness of 100 Å, thereby forming a LiF/AIelectrode (e.g., as a cathode).

Compound 1 was deposited on the LiF/AI electrode to form a second layerhaving a thickness of 800 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of anorganic light-emitting device.

Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Example 1

Organic light-emitting devices according to Examples 2 to 10 andComparative Example 1 were manufactured in substantially the same manneras in Example 1, except that Compounds shown in Table 2 were each usedin forming a second layer.

Evaluation Example 1

The luminance (at 10 mA/cm²), efficiency, and half-lifespan of theorganic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to10 and Comparative Example 1 were measured by using a source measureunit (Keithley SMU 236, Cleveland, Ohio) and a luminance meter (PhotoResearch PR650, Syracuse, N.Y.) and results thereof are shown in Table2. Also, the transmittance was measured at a concentration of 10⁻⁵ M ina toluene solvent using a UV-Vis photospectrometer (Shimadzu UV-1800,Kyoto, Japan), and results thereof are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Driving voltage Current density Luminance Efficiency Halflifespan Transmittance Transmittance Second layer (V) (mA/cm²) (cd/m²)(cd/A) (hr @ 100 mA/cm²) (@ 430 nm) (@ 405 nm) Comparative A01 5.90 502160 4.32 250 100% 100%  Example 1 Example 1 Compound 1 5.91 50 23604.72 260 100% 2.3% Example 2 Compound 7 5.90 50 2345 4.69 270 100% 2.9%Example 3 Compound 16 5.91 50 2365 4.73 265 100% 2.4% Example 4 Compound28 5.89 50 2350 4.70 262 100% 1.5% Example 5 Compound 51 5.90 50 23504.70 262 100% 3.7% Example 6 Compound 60 5.91 50 2325 4.65 263 100% 2.8%Example 7 Compound 109 5.89 50 2340 4.68 258 100% 1.7% Example 8Compound 121 5.90 50 2160 4.62 262 100% 2.8% Example 9 Compound 139 5.9250 2365 4.73 273 100% 1.2% Example 10 Compound 152 5.90 50 2405 4.81 277100% 2.1%

Referring to Table 2, it is confirmed that the organic light-emittingdevices of Examples 1 to 10 have high luminance, high efficiency, and along lifespan, as compared with the organic light-emitting device ofComparative Example 1. Also, it is confirmed that the organiclight-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 10 exhibit low transmittance oflight having a wavelength of 405 nm, as compared with the organiclight-emitting device of Comparative Example 1. Accordingly, the organiclight-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 10 are capable of reducing UVtransmission and material degradation caused by external ultravioletrays, as compared with the organic light-emitting device of ComparativeExample 1.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theorganic light-emitting device is capable of reducing a materialdegradation caused by ultraviolet rays while having a high lightextraction rate.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

As used herein, the terms “use”, “using”, and “used” may be consideredsynonymous with the terms “utilize”, “utilizing”, and “utilized”,respectively. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments ofthe present disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure”.

As used herein, the terms “substantially”, “about”, and similar termsare used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and areintended to account for the inherent deviations in measured orcalculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill inthe art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include allsubranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recitedrange. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include allsubranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 andthe recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equalto or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0,such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitationrecited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitationssubsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in thisspecification is intended to include all higher numerical limitationssubsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amendthis specification, including the claims, to expressly recite anysub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thedrawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat one or more changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claimsand equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; anorganic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode andcomprising an emission layer; and at least one of a first layer and asecond layer, wherein the first layer is positioned in a path wherelight generated in the emission layer is transmitted to the outsidethrough the first electrode and the second layer is positioned in a pathwhere light generated in the emission layer is transmitted to theoutside through the second electrode, wherein the first layer and thesecond layer each comprise a condensed cyclic compound represented byFormula 1:

wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2-1 to 2-4, Ar₁ is a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupor a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, c1 is 0 or 1, L₁ to L₅ and L₉ are eachindependently selected from *—N(R₁₁)—*′, *—B(R₁)—*′, *—P(R₁₁)—*′,*—Si(R₁₁)(R₁₂)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′,*—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R₁₁)═*′, *—C(═S)—*′, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a1to a5 and a9 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, R₁ is agroup represented by Formula 2-1 or a group represented by Formula 2-2,R₂ to R₅ are each independently selected from a group represented byFormula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4, hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₄)(Q₅), —C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and—P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅), b1 is an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when b1 is twoor more, two or more *-(L₁)_(a1)-R₁(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, b2 is an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when b2 is twoor more, two or more *-(L₂)_(a2)-R₂(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, b4 is an integer from 0 to 5, wherein, when b4 is twoor more, two or more *-(L₄)_(a4)-R₄(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, b5 is an integer from 0 to 6, wherein, when b5 is twoor more, two or more *-(L₅)_(a5)-R₅(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selectedfrom the group consisting of: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxygroup; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and aterphenyl group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), Q₁ to Q₆, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃,and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substitutedwith a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a terphenyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and aterphenyl group, and and *′ each indicate a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein Ar₁ is selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, ananthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a triphenylene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a carbazole group, adibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a pyridine group, apyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrrole group,an imidazole group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, aquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a triazine group, an indenopyrazine group, an indeno pyridine group, a phenanthroline group, and aphenanthridine group.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein: L₁ to L₅ and L₉ are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of: —S—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, aC₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynylenegroup, a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylenegroup, a spiro-benzofluorene-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a pyrrolylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a silolylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group,a benzothiophenylene group, a benzosilolylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, acarbazolylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, animidazopyrimidinylene group, an oxazolopyridinylene group, athiazolopyridinylene group, a benzonaphthyridinylene group, anazafluorenylene group, an azaspiro-bifluorenylene group, anazacarbazolylene group, an azadibenzofuranylene group, anazadibenzothiophenylene group, and an azadibenzosilolylene group; and aC₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynylenegroup, a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylenegroup, a spiro-benzofluorene-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a pyrrolylenegroup, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a silolylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group,a benzothiophenylene group, a benzosilolylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, acarbazolylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, animidazopyrimidinylene group, an oxazolopyridinylene group, athiazolopyridinylene group, a benzonaphthyridinylene group, anazafluorenylene group, an azaspiro-bifluorenylene group, anazacarbazolylene group, an azadibenzofuranylene group, anazadibenzothiophenylene group, and an azadibenzosilolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are eachindependently selected from the group consisting of: a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a quinazolinylgroup; and a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,and a quinazolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and aquinazolinyl group, and and *′ each indicate a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein: L₁ to L₅ and L₉ are each independently selected from *—S—*′,*—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—[C(Z₁)(Z₂)]_(n1)—*′, andgroups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-75:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-75, Y₁ is O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₃), orSi(Z₃)(Z₄), Z₁ to Z₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —CF₃, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group,a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, d3 is an integer from 1 to 3, d4is an integer from 1 to 4, d5 is an integer from 1 to 5, d6 is aninteger from 1 to 6, d8 is an integer from 1 to 8, n1 is an integer from1 to 20, and * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboringatom.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: Ar₁ isselected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-59, and L₁ to L₅and L₉ are each independently selected from *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′,*—CH₂—*′, *—(CH₂)₂—*′, *—(CH₂)₃—*′, *—(CH₂)₄—*′, *—(CH₂)₅—*′, and groupsrepresented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-58 and 4-60:

wherein *, *′, and *″ in Formulae 4-1 to 4-60 each indicate a bindingsite to a neighboring atom.
 6. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 1, wherein: the group represented by Formula 2-1 is a grouprepresented by Formula 2-1A:

wherein, in Formula 2-1A, L₃, L₄, a3, a4, R₃, R₄, and b4 are the same asdescribed in claim 1, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboringatom.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: R₂ to R₅are each independently selected from the group consisting of: a grouprepresented by Formula 2-3, a group represented by Formula 2-4,hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃); and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 8. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: R₆ to R₉, R₁₁, andR₁₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of:hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆); and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and Q₄ to Q₆ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 9. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the condensed cycliccompound is represented by one of Formulae 1A to 1P:

wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1P, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁, R₂, and b2 are thesame as described in claim 1, X₁ in each of Formulae 1E to 1H isselected from O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₃), and Si(Z₃)(Z₄), Z₁ to Z₄ are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CF₃, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and atriazinyl group, and L₂₁, a21, and R₂₁ are the same as described inconnection with L₁, a1, and R₁.
 10. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 9, wherein, in Formulae 1M to 1O, R₁ and R₂₁ are each a grouprepresented by Formula 2-1; or R₁ and R₂₁ are each a group representedby Formula 2-2.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein the condensed cyclic compound is one of Compounds 1 to 205:


12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the condensedcyclic compound is to absorb light having a wavelength of about 400 nmto about 410 nm.
 13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein: the first electrode is a transmissive electrode or asemi-transmissive electrode, and the organic light-emitting devicecomprises the first layer.
 14. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 13, wherein the first layer directly contacts the first electrode.15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the firstlayer is an ultraviolet-absorbing light-efficiency-enhancement layer.16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the secondelectrode is a transmissive electrode or a semi-transmissive electrode,and the organic light-emitting device comprises the second layer. 17.The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the second layerdirectly contacts the second electrode.
 18. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 16, wherein the second layer is an ultraviolet-absorbinglight-efficiency-enhancement layer.
 19. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 1, wherein: the first electrode and the second electrodeare each independently a transmissive electrode or a semi-transmissiveelectrode, and the organic light-emitting device comprises the firstlayer and the second layer.
 20. An electronic apparatus comprising: theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1; and a thin film transistor,wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting deviceelectrically contacts one of a source electrode and a drain electrode ofthe thin film transistor.